Teenage Pregnancy: Health and Social Issue Analysis

Teenage Pregnancy: Health and Social Issue Analysis Today teenage pregnancy is evolving as a serious problem all over the world. It defines as getting pregnant below eighteen years. Researches reveal that almost fifteen million teen pregnancies occur every year. These teen pregnancies are mostly common in developing countries where teenagers lack parental monitoring and they are unaware of modern birth control methods. Many teenagers plan to get pregnant, but mostly do not. Unplanned pregnancies occur at all levels of age, creed, and race with a particular negative impact among teenage population. Teen pregnancy is an important social problem and as well as a major health issue, that need to reduce because of the negative consequences that it bears on teenagers. They are at risk of conception and many sexually transmitted infections. On fearing the medical procedures and parental responses, they hide the fact of pregnancy and therefore are at more risk of its severe consequences. They did not receive parental care on time. Moreover, studies shows that teenagers are psychologically immature and unstable and the additional stress of pregnancy on them brings up negative results. In 2000, â€Å"The Health of Nation† failed to reduce the rate of teen pregnancies. Another policy set the target to halve the rate by 2010. In order to achieve the target, many other policies were set based on researches especially on focusing the importance of parental monitoring and use of contraception. Recent literature on teen pregnancy prevention mostly focuses on parental monitoring. Role of parents in this issue is crucial. They are responsible for educating their children and providing them enough knowledge about the negative consequences of teen pregnancies. The rate of teen pregnancies is high especially among those who suffer from poor education in their childhood. Another interest that lies on the parent’s role in reducing the unplanned teen pregnancies is by talking openly with the teens about this issue through several controversies exist on whether it increases the sexual activity or vice versa (DiClemente, 2001). The studies mainly focus on parental monitoring in order to prevent teen pregnancies because the effectiveness of the parental influence in attitude, knowledge, and behavior among their children lower the teen’s risk of adolescent pregnancy. Research shows that higher parental monitoring decreases the sexual activity and avoids unplanned pregnancies in teens. Parental monitoring has a positive effect on healthy adolescent development. Influence of parental role and relation between parenthood and teen pregnancy is clear in this issue. In order to have an effect or successful outcome of parental monitoring, not only teenagers but parents also need education to monitor effectively without being overprotective. They need education to talk efficiently to their children about birth control methods, safe sex, and sexually transmitted diseases. The parents need to focus on their views and concepts about sex education and find out if they are comfortable and know how to talk to their children. Identification of adolescent females who are usually at high risk of getting unplanned pregnancies is the key to prevention. Parents require education no matter the setting of teen is at the primary care office, clinic, school, or emergency rooms. Further research needs to be done for improving parental skills and their outcomes. Nationally, the teen pregnancies are increasing at a staggering rate. However, some appropriate programs help in preventing these pregnancies among the teenagers. There are federal laws for promoting abstinence only education and providing funding for these programs based on abstinence. Such programs not only help to prevent the teen pregnancies but they positively correlate with decrease in the amount of unplanned pregnancies and births among teenagers. The recent literature study of Stanger-Hall and Hall in 2011 reveals that the most effective approach is the ‘level 1 style’ that provides comprehensive safe sex education and STD education. It covers the use of birth control methods and abstinence. The Nurse Practitioners (NPs) are confident in educating parents about the positive impacts of these programs in preventing teen pregnancies (Stanger-Hall, 2011). Several intervention based programs need to help prevent the unplanned pregnancies in the adolescent. Some of the interventions require coming from the parents at home or office of primary care provider. It is the job of NPs to identify those adolescents, who show high-risk behavior in these pregnancies. The NPs need to ensure the confidentiality of their patients and develop the trusting relationship with them. They need to give education to the parents efficiently and refer them to the websites or groups regarding teen pregnancy prevention. Contraception or the use of contraceptive methods is another way of preventing teen pregnancies. Research shows that most of the unplanned pregnancies among the teenagers are due the fact that they are either unaware of using contraceptive methods or they do not use contraception consistently. Free contraceptives available and provided for high and middle school students within schools around the world help in preventing the great amount of teen pregnancies. However, these schools preferred to give contraceptives to only those children who have their parents’ permission (Shoupe, 2007). A comprehensive education on safe sex has successful effects on the use of contraception. The Family Growth National Survey reveals that teenagers who receive safe sex education that includes contraception and prevention from sexually transmitted diseases, are less likely to have unplanned pregnancies. Contraception such as birth controls and condoms offered at affordable or discounted prices may help to reduce teen pregnancies. The effective and appropriate use of contraception will contract sexually transmitted diseases. It will not encourage the teenagers to have sex but will lower the risk of unplanned teen pregnancies. School-based health centers or SBHCs is a great community resource for adolescents to provide friendly primary care services to this population. More SBHCs need across the nation to open in order to release their restrictions of providing contraceptive services. Intervention based programs are changing the sexual education standards which means to change some of the laws at the federal, state, and local level. The new standards of National Sexuality Education released in 2001 focus on changing the federal, state, and local laws. Social programs started with the purpose of preventing teen pregnancies began to disappear slowly. US administration provides some limited financial investment only for evidence based programs. Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Programs and other programs like Planned Parenthood help to prevent the teen pregnancies by providing low cost or free birth control and contraception to teenagers (Bennett, 2005). In this way, service providers implement these programs effectively and successfully. They are developing new strategies and polices that will prevent unplanned teen pregnancies. In conclusion, teen pregnancy is preventable that is a major social and health issue burdening many communities around the world. Early comprehensive and effective safe sex education including parental monitoring and contraceptive prevention is the important key that needs to start by the parents at home and reinforced continually at school and primary care office.

A Computerized World :: science

A Computerized World Since the first computer was made in the late fifties, the technology has developed extremely. Computers which took the place of a living-room then, are now being made in creditcard-formats. More and more areas are being taken over by the computer. As computers are capable of handling large amounts of data in a very short time, they are well suited for wordprocessing. I guess that it won't be long till all the paper-archives are replaced by magnetic tapes and diskettes. A diskette can contain much more data than a written page, and it takes less place! It is possible to get the Norwegian telephone book on just one diskette. In near future, a new area will be taken over by computers, namely maps. Different routes are stored on one single compact-disk. Imagine, simply insert the CD into the CD-driver in your car, and tell the computer where to go. The rest will be done automatically. This will be a safer, faster, and more comfortable way to travel. Another new area, called "virtual reality" is currently being tested. This is a way to simulate reality on a monitor. In order to feel this so-called reality you have to wear special electronic glasses and an electronic suit. Fastened to the suit are sensors, which send information to the main computer. This computer works with the data and displays them on the electronic spectacles. This is a technique which use three-dimentional views, therefore the scenery seems incredibly realistic. If you want to be a boxer, simply change the scenery on the main computer, and you are in the ring. Today, many kids have got video games. You could say these games are the present's answer to ludo and monopoly. In a way, it is a great advantage that the kids are being presented to computors at an early age, because they will definitely have to use them later, when they start to work. In the future there will be few occupations which won't use computors, one way or another. But the videogames are often being presented as something negative, which hinder the kids from doing homework and other more useful activities. This partially true, if they do much of it. But generally, I think the young people's contact with computers is positive. In Norway today, it is getting more common to have a computer at home. You can use a personal computer to keep household-budgets or other economics.

Why is Parliament so weak in relation to the executive?

The domination of the legislature, which includes Parliament, by the executive branch, which contains government, is a majorly important feature of the British political system. According to French philosopher Montesquieu, the lack of the separation of powers and, hence, the fusion of the executive and legislative branches (as, uniquely, in the UK) may lead to a large accumulation of power in one branch. Unlike the USA political system where these branches are kept strictly separate, there is excessive executive power which means that Parliament can be exposed as weak and powerless to the ruling party. There are many factors that make Parliament look weak in relation to the executive including; the electoral system, the scrutiny of MP’s, and the power (if any) of the House of Lords. The first past the post electoral system allows governments in the UK to seemingly dominate Parliament without representing a very large proportion of the electorate. The system ensures that one party with win an absolute majority, which tends to be very large, and, hence, means that parliament is relatively powerless in contrast as the role of dissidents is limited which allows government to dominate. The 1997 landslide victory of New Labour was only achieved with about 36% of the vote. This comparatively small percentage of the voting population gave the party a mammoth 197 seat majority after sitting on the other side of the chamber for 18 years. The huge numbers of seats in Parliament that were given to Labour meant that fair representation of political opinion was undermined hugely. Additionally, the majorities necessary for new laws would be a given if the party were behind their leader which in the case of Tony Blair was almost always the case. It is in these ways that Parliament is made to look weak in relation to the executive. In theory, however, the flip side of a strong single-party government is that there are still enough seats left in Parliament to perform a critical checking role and for opposition parties to present themselves as a realistic alternative to the government of the day. This system also excludes extremist parties, such as the BNP, from representation in the legislature unless its electoral support is geographically strenuous; it is unlikely to win any seats under FPTP which is positive in order to prevent them from electoral legitimacy. In any case the Commons have the ultimate power to remove the present government from office. Scrutiny of fellow MP’s is made difficult if one party dominates the House of Commons. MP’s have insufficient time and support to be able to call ministers to account effectively. MPs often lack the technical expertise to scrutinise legislation adequately and on the occasions that they do ask penetrating questions, the respondent usually has a response prepared and/or by civil servants. In addition, poor timing of Opposition days might blunt impact which is why any attack on the present government must be carefully planned. In February 2010, the former bosses of the Royal Bank of Scotland were for three hours questioned vigorously by a select committee and they responded with both candour and courtesy. The committee members probed diligently enough but, not for the first time, they were outsmarted by expert witnesses with too much technical information at their disposal. This proves that the understaffed and poorly resourced scrutinizers cannot do their job properly and, hence, also highlights how weak Parliament are in relation to the executive. However, MP’s are allowed freedom to ask questions in areas of special interest to them without having to worry about party whips. In Parliament, in the past, a number of important bills have been debated and published in draft, including Identity Cards and Mental Health Bills. In addition, whatever a minister proposes is subjected to Parliamentary scrutiny at some stage so will have to be viable with room for agreement from the entire Parliament. Finally, constant debate ensures that even the ruling party is affected by what Parliament thinks even if this is not so obvious at first glance. The House of Lords’ lack of authority and powers means that the government can often avoid pretty much anything that it throws. The powers of the Lords are extremely limited by law as it has absolutely no power over financial matters and can’t veto legislation in the long term. Additionally, all amendments can be overturned and, like the Commons, the Lords have a limited role in developing legislation. In 1997, Tony Blair abolished the honour of hereditary peerage but allowed the 92 hereditary peers to retain their seats before appointing a vast number of Labour peers into the House of Lords in order to make it even easier for him to gain a majority. The huge power of government is shown here and can be manipulated to make Parliament look weaker. However, when peers do vote against legislation then parliamentary gridlock can be created. This was certainly the case in 2007 where the House of Lords defied the general consensus in the Commons with 361 votes to 121 in favour of a 100% appointed House of Lords. It is in this way that Parliament can stand up to the executive, whose party have a majority in Parliament, and force compromises by the government. This particular controversial case of rebellion has proved a success for the Lords as to this day Peers still have to be 100% appointed. In conclusion, it seems Parliament has been made to look powerless by government who can make use of the first past the post system and gain large majorities without large representation. Additionally, scrutiny directed at MP’s is easily combated with the brilliantly crafted answers of government. Government has also become increasingly dominant thanks to further Lords reform by Tony Blair and the mere delaying of laws by which act as a thorn on legislation. However, it has to be said that Parliament has many ways in which it can reduce the ‘bullying’ it receives from the ruling party. The electoral system has obvious advantages that arguably improve Parliament’s role such as the ability to improve on scrutinising future laws and to offer better decisions than the ruling party.

Introduction . Cases Of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Introduction Cases of antisocial personality disorder among the people have become a common phenomenon in many parts of the world. In most cases, children who suffer from conduct disorder end up developing this health problem (Mayo Clinic staff, 2016). It is noted that the advent of antisocial personality starts with disruptive behavior which in most cases is coupled with rude behavior such as involvement in violent and criminal activities. It is evident that this antisocial personality not only affects the victim, but it also affects the entire family. A person who develops this health issue fails to function normally. Therefore, he or she does not enjoy the opportunity to socialize with others, which is essential in one’s life†¦show more content†¦According to Cacioppo Freberg, (2015), some of the factors considered as risks of developing such health problem include, exposure to chaotic or violent during early child life, the presence of disorder in the family tree . It is also noted that when an individual is diagnosed with childhood conduct disorder, is an indication that he or she would suffer from antisocial personality disorder. Symptoms of the disorder An individual suffering from antisocial personality disorder tends to be cruel and heartless in their daily life (Cacioppo and Freberg, 2015). It is noted that the tendencies of transferring the frustrations of antisocial characters by engaging in violent behaviors like fighting and destroying properties are very common among the victims. The perceptions towards life by the antisocial persons trigger engagement in such activities. Among the most frequent symptoms include reckless behavior in their life having a great desire in controlling others, breaking rules time and again, unstable relationship, and involvement in activities without less regard for the consequences and impulsivity. Also according to Mayo Clinic staff (2016), victims tend to display the element losing temper quickly and being arrogance in their talks. They can just say anything without weighing the impacts of their talks to the thirdShow MoreRelatedCase Study Analysis of Ted Bundy1041 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿A Case Study Analysis of Ted Bundy Introduction A personality disorder can be described as an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that is extremely inflexible, deviates markedly from the expectations of a persons culture, and causes personal distress or behavioral impairment (Bernstein, Nietzel, McCauley Foust, 1997). Such patterns of problems in the personality of an individual can be traced to adolescence or even childhood. 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Challenges And Key Strategic Issues - 990 Words

The purpose of this assignment is to carry out the challenges and key strategic issue that happened in running the company in the business strategy games. In this assignment, we have done a five-year business simulation strategy games to analyse the PESTEL of the macro-environment, industry life cycle analysis, Portal five forces and also the SWOT of the business. Besides, we have made some key decision in every year start from the year 2011 to the year 2015 in the Business Strategy Games. 2.0 Competitive Strategy â€Å"Competitive Advantage is dedicated to the task of pointing the way to specific means of achieving and sustaining an advantageous position while competitive Strategy locates and broadly defines the territory of strategic decision and it is intended as a road map to best traverse the territory†, said Balderston, Frederick E (Balderston, et.al, 1985). 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Admission Statment free essay sample

When someone asks me how I would describe my family, I tend to say things like enjoyable, fun exciting. However, if someone truly asked me how my family was I would say a train wreck. My parents do not deserve to be together; for when two people do not truly love each other, it is more painful for them to be together then it is for them to separate. I understand that this is an idealistic viewpoint; that is not actually realistic in today’s society, however an idealistic viewpoint does not make it impossible, many of the things that we as people viewed impossible have indeed now been made possible. Neither of my parents seem to truly grasp this idea, and due to this, continue to be together, although it would be best if they weren’t. My mom is an undiagnosed bipolar parent, who has random rages and highpoints before dipping down into her uncontrollable rage at whomever is closest. Ironically, she hates rollercoasters, even though that is what describes her emotional fluctuations best. My father is a man diagnosed with depression, and takes daily pills to deal with it, however sometimes the pills are not enough to keep away the anger and frustration that he deals with daily. The rest of my family: my older sister, my younger sister, my younger brother, and myself all have ADHD, and ADD to varying degrees. As parents you want the best for your children, you want them to succeed, and grow old with vast riches. However, where is the set margin of success, where does the line begin? You see that is the problem, there is no setline no proof that one path makes you more successful then another. This is one of the several problems my parents faced with four children. How to see where the degree of success is administered. My parents are from South Africa, and therefore are unaccustomed to the American way of dealing with success in a more lackadaisical manner. As par ents they were okay at best, if you did well you got an okay if you did poorly you got an okay, no change between the two. For me especially this was the case, my parents like to believe that they pushed me, however they did the opposite. Whenever I would succeed but not to a degree of perfection I received the same sort of okay as I would if I had received a C. However, failing was an entirely different story, even at a young age, failing was administered with a shoe, or a whip, as was custom in Africa. Even when I was in 3rd grade, if I had failed even a homework I would be beaten by a shoe or a whip, this taught me at a young age to do two things. Study hard and hope for success, and also to lie as much as possible when I failed in order to avoid the shoe or whip. When I would fail on occasions, I would still get the shoe or whip, regardless of how hard I had studied, this taught me that studying regardless of difficulty was not good enough if I failed. However, I do not want his college statement to be about me in my early years or for a college administrator to take pity on me. If there is one thing I cannot stand, it is taking favors, or the easy route. I decided even at a young age that I would rather fail and take my punishment then cheat or take the route to success. When I first entered high school, my parents where the ones that helped me decide my classes, moving me away from the classes I would truly enjoy to the more rigorous ones that I had no interest in. Now during this time I would work hard, play little, study a lot, and swim daily. However, to my parents this was still not enough. I would also get a job, and start doing community service. As a parent this may seem like a reasonable idea, however even now when I am reflecting upon my parent’s decisions I can still not say they were correct. My parents had decided my life for me and deemed it would be extremely systematic, with no variability; me missing a single day of swim practice w as regarded as taboo in my household. I had no room to grow into my own, or to express myself for who I was. I had no room to mature, or to have fun, no time to enjoy being a kid while it lasted, all under the oblivious eyes of my parents on how well they were messing up their child, not letting him have any way to change himself for the better. My older sister went under a similar route to me, however, my parents always loved her. I had to work for their affection and care. My mother to be honest hated me, and still does; now many may think that when someone says something like this that they are over exaggerating I am not. My mom truly does hate me, she has deemed me a mistake a problematic child to which there is no solution, to her I am a failure. Imagine being a boy of 10 years or less, and on a daily basis being called worthless, or useless. That is what I had to experience growing up as a child. My father was not much better, due to my mom’s extreme dislike for me, my father idly sat by watching as his son was mistreated, you see in nature the alpha is typically the male. In my house it is the opposite, whatever my mother says goes, it is law, so to my father who would try to stop my mother from being verbally abusive, he would just cause more trouble for me in the long run. This ended up causing me more problems then it helped, even now my mom still has deemed me a failure, and nothing I have done, or will ever do will change her mind. This is something I have grown accustomed to, and the idea neither bothers me nor upsets me anymore. Now back to my older sister when she was first entering high school, she was the perfect student, one that always stuck to the rules, joined the nerdy clubs, etc. However, as years passed she tried to stray from this path, and became more individualized. She started doing drugs, and alcohol, all of which I still believe was a ploy for her to get more attention from my parents. This caused more tension in my family then had previously existed; it was like a crater that had just been hit by another meteor, disastrous. My parents try all they might, could not stop her from experimenting with drugs and disobeying her. So then who else could the put the blame on, as one might have guessed, I was the one that was burdened with the rage of my parents for my sister doing drugs. This caused me to realize that the world is not at all fair, how can a child that is born being taught that he is worthless, then also be blamed for his sister’s drug problems? How can all this happen in a family that is supposed to be caring and nurturing? This problem was one that I had to deal with daily, and then still go to school with. School for me was a place to start a new, be a different person. It didn’t work, as much as I would like to say that in school I worked hard and succeeded in order to prove my parents wrong and show them that I wasn’t worthless, I didn’t, I couldn’t. How is a child supposed to succeed when they have no one helping them along the way? All of my teachers knew I was gifted, even at a young age, however they just couldn’t understand how someone so gifted could perform so poorly. Then again what I have gone through is not something that you can easily explain to a teacher. My sister when she finally went away to college, my parents were relieved, and thought that they would make an example of my sister a martyr in sorts of what not to do. From there on in, it was like a jail sentence, my parents would not let me do anything, and I was deemed even more worthless then ever before. I was deemed a disgrace to the family a shame of genetic makeup. All this time though I still wondered if this is what every child went through, I later would find out its not. No child should ever have to go through the pain that I have been forced to take. To suppress ones emotions is not an easy task, but it is one that you need to learn in order to not continuously get hurt on a daily basis. My parents think that I don’t succeed in school because I don’t try, I would like to say that this is not the case. I am not naturally lazy; I enjoy learning I find it a break from my usual life, a way to break away from my family. This is much the same as how I find out about reading. When I was entering 1st grade I could not read and did not know my alphabet. However, upon leaving 1st grade I could read chapter books, not because I was an excellent reader, but because it was an escape from the reality that surrounded me. This is how school was to me as well a break from my typical life at home a way to be free, my teachers saw me as a kid struggling to succeed I saw myself as someone deep in thought and expression. A child that was able to learn new concepts and ideas, although I didn’t always like what I was being taught or agree with it, I still went along with it as I was taught to. However, it is difficult to succee d when your parents never admit see you as successful. That was my underlying problem throughout my years in school; I have always known all the information that has been taught to me. I have never had a problem learning new concepts and ideas it is instead that I have never felt success for what I have done so I have never needed to try. I know that as a college admissions reader, you are thinking that this is a bad idea for a person that is trying to explain problems, in the hopes of getting accepted into college. However, I find this more of a calculated risk, a gamble one in which I have a greater chance of success then of disapproval, because I believe that you want a student that isn’t cocky with how much he knows, but instead a student that will challenge himself to prove to others how much he is capable of.